Uplink transmissions for dual connectivity

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus are provided for a User Equipment (UE) configured by a Master enhanced NodeB (MeNB) for operation with dual connectivity to a Secondary eNB (SeNB) to determine a power for transmission to the MeNB and a power for transmission to the SeNB in a subframe when a total power the UE determines according to power control processes for transmission to the MeNB and for transmission to the SeNB exceeds a maximum transmission power in the subframe. Methods and apparatus are also provided for the MeNB to select one or more antenna ports the UE uses to transmit to the MeNB and inform the selected antenna ports to the UE.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/897,070, filed Feb. 14, 2018, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/591,756, filed Jan. 7, 2015, nowU.S. Pat. No. 9,990,844, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/926,822 filed Jan. 13, 2014. The contents ofthe above-identified patent documents are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to wireless communicationsand, more specifically, to uplink transmissions in dual connectivityoperation.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovationsin modem history. Recently, the number of subscribers to wirelesscommunication services exceeded five billion and continues to growquickly. The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing dueto the growing popularity among consumers and businesses of smart phonesand other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “note pad” computers,net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices. In order to meetthe high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications anddeployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage isof paramount importance.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and an apparatusto support transmissions from a User Equipment (UE) in dual connectivityoperation.

In a first embodiment, a method includes determining, by a first basestation, a first percentage of a maximum UE transmission power fortransmissions from a UE to the first base station and a secondpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power for transmissions fromthe UE to a second base station. The method additionally includessignaling, by the first base station to the UE, the first percentage ofthe maximum UE transmission power and the second percentage of themaximum UE transmission power.

In a second embodiment, a base station includes a controller and atransmitter. The controller is configured to determine a first subset oftransmitter antennas from a set of transmitter antennas of a UE. Thetransmitter configured to transmit, to the UE, a configuration for theUE to communicate with the base station and with a second base station,and an indication for the UE to use the first subset of transmitterantennas for transmitting to the base station.

In a third embodiment, a User Equipment (UE) includes a receiver and atransmitter. The receiver is configured to receive a configuration tocommunicate with a first base station and with a second base station andan indication to use a first subset of transmitter antennas, from a setof transmitter antennas, for transmitting to the first base station. Thetransmitter is configured to transmit to the first base station usingthe first subset of transmitter antennas and to the second base stationusing transmitter antennas from the set of transmitter antennas that arenot in the first subset of transmitter antennas.

In a fourth embodiment, a base station includes a controller and atransmitter. The controller is configured to determine a firstpercentage of a maximum UE transmission power for transmissions from aUE to the base station and a second percentage of the maximum UEtransmission power for transmissions from the UE to a second basestation. The transmitter is configured to transmit, to the UE, the firstpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power and the secondpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power.

In a fifth embodiment, a User Equipment (UE) includes a receiver and atransmitter. The receiver configured to receive a configuration forcommunication with a first base station and with a second base station,and a first percentage of a maximum UE transmission power fortransmissions from the UE to the first base station and a secondpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power for transmissions fromthe UE to a second base station. The transmitter is configured totransmit to the first base station and to the second base station. If ina transmission time interval of one subframe (SF) the UE either reducesa transmission power to the first base station or reduces a transmissionpower to the second base station, the UE does not reduce thetransmission power to the first base station below the first percentageof the maximum UE transmission power in the SF or the UE does not reducethe transmission power to the second base station below the secondpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power in the SF, respectively.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivativesrefer to any direct or indirect communication between two or moreelements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with oneanother. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well asderivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication.The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, meaninclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaningand/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof,means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, becontained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicablewith, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be boundto or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, orthe like. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereofthat controls at least one operation. Such a controller may beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and/orfirmware. The functionality associated with any particular controllermay be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Thephrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means thatdifferent combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used,and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least oneof: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, Aand B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed fromcomputer readable program code and embodied in a computer readablemedium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or morecomputer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or aportion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computerreadable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code”includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code,and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes anytype of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as readonly memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, acompact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired,wireless, optical, or other communication links that transporttransitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computerreadable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored andmedia where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as arewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughoutthis disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many if not most instances such definitions apply to prior aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network accordingto this disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example user equipment (UE) according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example enhanced NodeB (eNB) according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example UL SF structure for PUSCH transmissionaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example encoding process for a DCI formataccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example decoding process for a DCI formataccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example communication system using dualconnectivity according to this disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example selection of transmitter antenna ports fora UE with two transmitter antennas that is configured by a MeNB foroperation with dual connectivity according to this disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example UE transmitter antenna switching between aMeNB and a SeNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates a UE operation with single connectivity duringmeasurement gap UL SFs and with dual connectivity in other UL SFsaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a use of measurement gap UL SFs according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates a determination of a transmission power to a MeNBand of a transmission power to a SeNB in accordance to a firstalternative according to this disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UE antenna to aSeNB in accordance to the second alternative according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in accordance to the third alternativeaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in accordance to a variation of the thirdalternative according to this disclosure; and

FIG. 16 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in SF i using a guaranteed power,{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i), for transmission to theMeNB and a guaranteed power, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(MeNB)(i), for transmission to the SeNB according to this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 16, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure may beimplemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

The following documents and standards descriptions are herebyincorporated into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein:3GPP TS 36.211 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical channels and modulation” (REF1); 3GPP TS 36.212 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding”(REF 2); 3GPP TS 36.213 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures”(REF 3); 3GPP TS 36.321 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC)protocol specification” (REF 4); 3GPP TS 36.331 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, RadioResource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification” (REF 5); 3GPP TS 36.101v11.2.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); UserEquipment (UE) radio transmission and reception” (REF 6), and US PatentPublication 2014/0192738, filed on Jan. 8, 2014 and entitled “UPLINKCONTROL INFORMATION TRANSMISSIONS/RECEPTIONS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS” (REF7).

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to uplinktransmissions in dual connectivity operation. A wireless communicationnetwork includes a DownLink (DL) that conveys signals from transmissionpoints, such as base stations or enhanced NodeBs (eNBs), to UEs. Thewireless communication network also includes an UpLink (UL) that conveyssignals from UEs to reception points, such as eNBs.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to thisdisclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless network 100 includes an eNB 101, an eNB102, and an eNB 103. The eNB 101 communicates with the eNB 102 and theeNB 103. The eNB 101 also communicates with at least one InternetProtocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary IPnetwork, or other data network.

Depending on the network type, other well-known terms may be usedinstead of “eNodeB” or “eNB,” such as “base station” or “access point.”For the sake of convenience, the terms “eNodeB” and “eNB” are used inthis patent document to refer to network infrastructure components thatprovide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on thenetwork type, other well-known terms may be used instead of “userequipment” or “UE,” such as “mobile station,” “subscriber station,”“remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” or “user device.” A UE, may befixed or mobile and may be a cellular phone, a personal computer device,and the like. For the sake of convenience, the terms “user equipment”and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remote wirelessequipment that wirelessly accesses an eNB, whether the UE is a mobiledevice (such as a mobile telephone or smart-phone) or is normallyconsidered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vendingmachine).

The eNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for afirst plurality of UEs within a coverage area 120 of the eNB 102. Thefirst plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may be located in asmall business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise(E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); a UE 115,which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 116, which may belocated in a second residence (R); and a UE 116, which may be a mobiledevice (M) like a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or thelike. The eNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the eNB 103.The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In someembodiments, one or more of the eNBs 101-103 may communicate with eachother and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G, LTE, LTE-A, WiMAX, or otheradvanced wireless communication techniques.

Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes ofillustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood thatthe coverage areas associated with eNBs, such as the coverage areas 120and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, dependingupon the configuration of the eNBs and variations in the radioenvironment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

As described in more detail below, various components of the network 100(such as the eNBs 101-103 and/or the UEs 111-116) support the adaptationof communication direction in the network 100, and can provide supportfor UL transmissions in dual connectivity operation.

One or more of the eNBs 101-103 are configured to determine a firstsubset of UE transmitter antennas from a set of the transmitter antennasincluded in a respective UE. The respective eNB 101-103 configures theUE to use the first subset of transmitter antennas for transmitting tothe first base station. In certain embodiments, one or more of the eNBs101-103 are configured to determine a first percentage of a maximum UEtransmission power for transmissions from a UE to the first base stationand a second percentage of the maximum UE transmission power fortransmissions from the UE to a second base station. The respective eNB101-103 also signals to the UE the first percentage of the maximum UEtransmission power and the second percentage of the maximum UEtransmission power.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network 100,various changes may be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network100 could include any number of eNBs and any number of UEs in anysuitable arrangement. Also, the eNB 101 could communicate directly withany number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband accessto the network 130. Similarly, each eNB 102-103 could communicatedirectly between them or with the network 130 and provide UEs withdirect wireless broadband access to the network 130. Further, the eNB101, 102, and/or 103 could provide access to other or additionalexternal networks, such as external telephone networks or other types ofdata networks.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example UE 116 according to this disclosure. Theembodiment of the UE 116 shown in FIG. 2 is for illustration only, andthe other UEs in FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration.However, UEs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 2 doesnot limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementationof a UE.

As shown in FIG. 2, the UE 116 includes an antenna 205, a radiofrequency (RF) transceiver 210, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 215,a microphone 220, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 225. The UE 116also includes a speaker 230, a main processor 240, an input/output (I/O)interface (IF) 245, a keypad 250, a display 255, and a memory 260. Thememory 260 includes a basic operating system (OS) program 261 and one ormore applications 262.

The RF transceiver 210 receives, from the antenna 205, an incoming RFsignal transmitted by an eNB or another UE. The RF transceiver 210down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediatefrequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent tothe RX processing circuitry 225, which generates a processed basebandsignal by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignal. The RX processing circuitry 225 transmits the processed basebandsignal to the speaker 230 (such as for voice data) or to the mainprocessor 240 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

The TX processing circuitry 215 receives analog or digital voice datafrom the microphone 220 or other outgoing baseband data (such as webdata, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the main processor240. The TX processing circuitry 215 encodes, multiplexes, and/ordigitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband orIF signal. The RF transceiver 210 receives the outgoing processedbaseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuitry 215 andup-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that istransmitted via the antenna 205.

The main processor 240 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices and can execute the basic OS program 261 stored inthe memory 260 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116and, if in a transmission time interval of one subframe (SF) the UEeither reduces a transmission power to the first base station or reducesa transmission power to the second base station, the main processor 240does not reduce the transmission power to the first base station belowthe first percentage of the maximum UE transmission power in the SF orthe UE does not reduce the transmission power to the second base stationbelow the second percentage of the maximum UE transmission power in theSF, respectively. For example, the main processor 240 could control thereception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reversechannel signals by the RF transceiver 210, the RX processing circuitry225, and the TX processing circuitry 215 in accordance with well-knownprinciples. In some embodiments, the main processor 240 includes atleast one microprocessor or microcontroller.

The main processor 240 is also capable of executing other processes andprograms resident in the memory 260. The main processor 240 can movedata into or out of the memory 260 as required by an executing process.In some embodiments, the main processor 240 is configured to execute theapplications 262 based on the OS program 261 or in response to signalsreceived from eNBs, other UEs, or an operator. The main processor 240 isalso coupled to the I/O interface 245, which provides the UE 116 withthe ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers andhandheld computers. The I/O interface 245 is the communication pathbetween these accessories and the main processor 240.

The main processor 240 is also coupled to the keypad 250 and the displayunit 255. The operator of the UE 116 can use the keypad 250 to enterdata into the UE 116. The display 255 may be a liquid crystal display orother display capable of rendering text and/or at least limitedgraphics, such as from web sites. The display 255 could also represent atouch-screen.

The memory 260 is coupled to the main processor 240. Part of the memory260 could include a control or data signaling memory (RAM), and anotherpart of the memory 260 could include a Flash memory or other read-onlymemory (ROM).

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of theUE 116 (implemented using the RF transceiver 210, TX processingcircuitry 215, and/or RX processing circuitry 225) support ULtransmissions in dual connectivity operation.

Although FIG. 2 illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes maybe made to FIG. 2. For example, various components in FIG. 2 could becombined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components couldbe added according to particular needs. As a particular example, themain processor 240 could be divided into multiple processors, such asone or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphicsprocessing units (GPUs). Also, while FIG. 2 illustrates the UE 116configured as a mobile telephone or smart-phone, UEs could be configuredto operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices. In addition,various components in FIG. 2 could be replicated, such as when differentRF components are used to communicate with the eNBs 101-103 and withother UEs.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example eNB 102 according to this disclosure. Theembodiment of the eNB 102 shown in FIG. 3 is for illustration only, andother eNBs of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration.However, eNBs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3 doesnot limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementationof an eNB.

As shown in FIG. 3, the eNB 102 includes multiple antennas 305 a-305 n,multiple RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry315, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 320. The eNB 102 alsoincludes a controller/processor 325, a memory 330, and a backhaul ornetwork interface 335.

The RF transceivers 310 a-310 n receive, from the antennas 305 a-305 n,incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs or other eNBs.The RF transceivers 310 a-310 n down-convert the incoming RF signals togenerate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent tothe RX processing circuitry 320, which generates processed basebandsignals by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignals. The RX processing circuitry 320 transmits the processedbaseband signals to the controller/processor 325 for further processing.

The TX processing circuitry 315 receives analog or digital data (such asvoice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from thecontroller/processor 325. The TX processing circuitry 315 encodes,multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generateprocessed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 310 a-310 nreceive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TXprocessing circuitry 315 and up-converts the baseband or IF signals toRF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 305 a-305 n.

The controller/processor 325 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices that control the overall operation of the eNB 102.For example, the controller/processor 325 could control the reception offorward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signalsby the RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, the RX processing circuitry 320, andthe TX processing circuitry 315 in accordance with well-knownprinciples. The controller/processor 325 could support additionalfunctions as well, such as more advanced wireless communicationfunctions. For instance, the controller/processor 325 could support beamforming or directional routing operations in which outgoing signals frommultiple antennas 305 a-305 n are weighted differently to effectivelysteer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. Any of a wide varietyof other functions could be supported in the eNB 102 by thecontroller/processor 325. In some embodiments, the controller/processor325 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

The controller/processor 325 is also capable of executing programs andother processes resident in the memory 330, such as a basic OS. Thecontroller/processor 325 can move data into or out of the memory 330 asrequired by an executing process. The controller/processor 325 isconfigured to determine a first subset of UE transmitter antennas from aset of the transmitter antennas included in a respective UE. Thecontroller/processor 325 configures the UE to use the first subset oftransmitter antennas for transmitting to the first base station. Incertain embodiments, controller/processor 325 is configured to determinea first percentage of a maximum UE transmission power for transmissionsfrom a UE to the first base station and a second percentage of themaximum UE transmission power for transmissions from the UE to a secondbase station. The controller/processor 325 also signals to the UE thefirst percentage of the maximum UE transmission power and the secondpercentage of the maximum UE transmission power.

The controller/processor 325 is also coupled to the backhaul or networkinterface 335. The backhaul or network interface 335 allows the eNB 102to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connectionor over a network. The interface 335 could support communications overany suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the eNB102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such asone supporting 5G, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 335 could allow the eNB102 to communicate with other eNBs, such as eNB 103, over a wired orwireless backhaul connection. When the eNB 102 is implemented as anaccess point, the interface 335 could allow the eNB 102 to communicateover a wired or wireless local area network or over a wired or wirelessconnection to a larger network (such as the Internet). The interface 335includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wiredor wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or RF transceiver.

The memory 330 is coupled to the controller/processor 325. Part of thememory 330 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 330 couldinclude a Flash memory or other ROM.

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of theeNB 102 (implemented using the RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, TXprocessing circuitry 315, and/or RX processing circuitry 320) support ULtransmissions in dual connectivity operation.

Although FIG. 3 illustrates one example of an eNB 102, various changesmay be made to FIG. 3. For example, the eNB 102 could include any numberof each component shown in FIG. 3. As a particular example, an accesspoint could include a number of interfaces 335, and thecontroller/processor 325 could support routing functions to route databetween different network addresses. As another particular example,while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry315 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 320, the eNB 102could include multiple instances of each (such as one per RFtransceiver).

In some wireless networks, DL signals include data signals conveyinginformation content, control signals conveying DL Control Information(DCI), and Reference Signals (RS), which are also known as pilotsignals. An eNB, such as eNB 102, transmits DL signals using OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The eNB 102 can transmit datainformation through Physical DL Shared CHannels (PDSCHs). The eNB 102can transmit DCI through Physical DL Control CHannels (PDCCHs) orthrough Enhanced PDCCHs (EPDCCHs)—see also REF 1. The eNB 102 cantransmit one or more of multiple types of RS, including a UE-Common RS(CRS), a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS), and a DeModulation RS(DMRS)—see also REF 1. The eNB 102 can transmit a CRS over a DL systemBandWidth (BW). A CRS can be used by UEs, such as UE 116, to demodulatedata or control signals or to perform measurements. To reduce CRSoverhead, eNB 102 can transmit a CSI-RS with a smaller density than aCRS in the time or frequency domain. For channel measurement, Non-ZeroPower CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) resources can be used. For InterferenceMeasurements (IMs), CSI-IM resources associated with a Zero Power CSI-RS(ZP CSI-RS) can be used. The eNB 102 transmits DMRS only in the BW of arespective PDSCH or EPDCCH. The UE 116 can use the DMRS to demodulateinformation in a PDSCH or EPDCCH. A RS is associated with a logicalantenna port that is mapped to a physical antenna in an implementationspecific manner (see also REF 1).

UL signals also include data signals conveying information content,control signals conveying UL Control Information (UCI), and RS. UE 116transmits data information or UCI through a respective Physical ULShared CHannel (PUSCH) or a Physical UL Control CHannel (PUCCH). If UE116 simultaneously transmits data information and UCI, UE 116 canmultiplex both in a PUSCH. UCI includes Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuestACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK) information, indicating correct or incorrectdetection of data Transport Blocks (TBs) in a PDSCH or detection of aDCI format indicating a release of a Semi-Persistently Scheduled (SPS)PDSCH, Scheduling Request (SR) indicating whether UE 116 has data in itsbuffer, and Channel State Information (CSI) enabling eNB 102 to selectappropriate parameters for PDSCH transmissions to UE 116. HARQ-ACKinformation includes a positive ACKnowledgement (ACK) in response to acorrect (E)PDCCH or data TB detection, a Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK)in response to an incorrect data TB detection, and an absence of a(E)PDCCH detection (DTX) which can be implicit (that is, UE 116 does nottransmit a HARQ-ACK signal) or explicit if UE 116 can identify missed(E)PDCCHs by other means (it is also possible to represent NACK and DTXwith a same NACK/DTX state). For initial access or for subsequentsynchronization purposes, UE 116 can also be configured by eNB 102 totransmit a Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH). UL RS includes DMRSand Sounding RS (SRS)—see also REF 1. UE 116 transmits DMRS only in a BWof a respective PUSCH or PUCCH and eNB 102 can use a DMRS to demodulateinformation in a PUSCH or PUCCH. UE 116 transmits SRS to provide eNB 102with an UL CSI. Similar to DL RS, an UL RS type (DMRS or SRS) isidentified by a respective antenna port. A transmission time unit for DLtransmissions or UL transmissions is a Sub-Frame (SF).

A transmission power for a PUSCH, or a PUSCH, or a SRS is determinedaccording to a respective UL power control process (see also REF 3). AUE, such as UE 116, can inform an eNB, such as eNB 102, using a PowerHeadroom Report (PHR) of an available power UE 116 has beyond one for aPUSCH or PUCCH transmission in a respective SF, regardless of whether UE116 has an actual PUSCH or PUCCH transmission (see also REF 3 and REF4). UE 116 can trigger a PHR by a change in a path-loss beyond athreshold or by some periodic timer.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example UL SF structure for PUSCH transmissionaccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of the UL SF structureshown in FIG. 4 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

UL signaling uses Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM).An UL SF 410 includes two slots. Each slot 420 includes N_(symb) ^(UL)symbols 430 where a UE transmits data information, UCI, or RS. The UEuses one or more symbols in each slot to transmit DMRS 440. Atransmission BW includes frequency resource units that are referred toas Resource Blocks (RBs). Each RB includes N_(sc) ^(RB) sub-carriers, orResource Elements (REs). The UE is allocated M_(PUSCH) RBs 450 for atotal of M_(sc) ^(PUSCH)=M_(PUSCH)·N_(sc) ^(RB) REs for a PUSCHtransmission BW. The UE is allocated 1 RB for a PUCCH transmission. Alast SF symbol can be used to multiplex SRS transmissions 460 from oneor more UEs. A number of UL SF symbols available for data/UCI/DMRStransmission is N_(sc) ^(PUSCH)=2·(N_(symb) ^(UL)−1)−N_(SRS). N_(SRS)=1if a last UL symbol supports SRS transmissions from UEs that overlap atleast partially in BW with a PUSCH transmission BW; otherwise,N_(SRS)=0. A transmission unit of 1 RB over 1 SF is referred to as aPhysical RB (PRB).

A PDSCH transmission to a UE or a PUSCH transmission from a UE, such asUE 116, can be triggered either by dynamic scheduling or by SPS. Dynamicscheduling is by a DCI format that is conveyed by a PDCCH or an EPDCCHand includes fields providing PDSCH or PUSCH transmission parameters. UE116 always monitors a DCI format 1A for PDSCH scheduling and a DCIformat 0 for PUSCH scheduling. These two DCI formats are designed tohave a same size and can be jointly referred to as DCI Format 0/1A.Another DCI format, DCI format IC, in a respective (E)PDCCH can schedulea PDSCH providing System Information (SI) for network configurationparameters to a group of UEs, or a response to PRACH transmissions byUEs, or paging information to a group of UEs, and so on. Another DCIformat, DCI format 3 or DCI format 3A (can be jointly referred to as DCIformat 3/3A) can provide Transmission Power Control (TPC) commands to agroup of UEs for transmissions of respective PUSCHs or PUCCHs.

A DCI format includes Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits in order for UE116 to confirm a correct DCI format detection. A DCI format type isidentified by a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) that scramblesthe CRC bits. For a DCI format scheduling a PDSCH or a PUSCH to a singleUE (unicast scheduling), the RNTI is a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI). For a DCIformat scheduling a PDSCH conveying SI to a group of UEs (broadcastscheduling), the RNTI is a SI-RNTI. For a DCI format scheduling a PDSCHproviding a response to PRACH transmissions from a group of UEs, theRNTI is a RA-RNTI. For a DCI format scheduling a PDSCH that pages agroup of UEs, the RNTI is a P-RNTI. For a DCI format providing TPCcommands to a group of UEs, the RNTI is a TPC-RNTI. Each RNTI type isconfigured to UE 116 through higher layer signaling, such as RadioResource Control (RRC) signaling (see also REF 5), by eNB 102 (and theC-RNTI is unique for each UE). SPS transmission parameters areconfigured to UE 116 from eNB 102 through higher layer signaling and,for a DCI format associated with a SPS release, the RNTI is a SPS-RNTI.

In all remaining descriptions, unless explicitly noted otherwise, aconfiguration of a parameter to UE 116 refers to higher layer signalingof the parameter to UE 116 and higher layer signaling refers to RRCsignaling or MAC signaling.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example encoding process for a DCI formataccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of the encoding processshown in FIG. 5 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The eNB 102 separately codes and transmits each DCI format in arespective (E)PDCCH. A RNTI for UE 116, for which a DCI format isintended for, masks a CRC of a DCI format codeword in order to enablethe UE to identify that a particular DCI format is intended for the UE.The CRC of (non-coded) DCI format bits 510 is computed using a CRCcomputation operation 520, and the CRC is then masked using an exclusiveOR (XOR) operation 530 between CRC and RNTI bits 540. The XOR operation530 is defined as: XOR(0,0)=0, XOR(0,1)=1, XOR(1,0)=1, XOR(1,1)=0. Themasked CRC bits are appended to DCI format information bits using a CRCappend operation 550, channel coding is performed using a channel codingoperation 560 (such as an operation using a convolutional code),followed by rate matching operation 570 applied to allocated resources,and finally, an interleaving and a modulation 580 operation areperformed, and the output control signal 590 is transmitted. In thepresent example, both a CRC and a RNTI include 16 bits.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example decoding process for a DCI formataccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of the decoding processshown in FIG. 6 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

A received control signal 610 is demodulated and the resulting bits arede-interleaved at operation 620, a rate matching applied at the eNB 102transmitter is restored through operation 630, and data is subsequentlydecoded at operation 640. After decoding the data, DCI formatinformation bits 660 are obtained after extracting CRC bits 650, whichare then de-masked 670 by applying the XOR operation with a UE RNTI 680.Finally, UE 116 performs a CRC test 690. If the CRC test passes and thecontents of the DCI format are valid, the UE 116 determines that a DCIformat corresponding to the received control signal 610 is valid anddetermines parameters for signal reception or signal transmission;otherwise, the UE 116 disregards the presumed DCI format.

One mechanism towards satisfying an ever increasing demand for networkcapacity and data rates is network densification. This is realized bydeploying small cells in order to increase a number of network nodes andtheir proximity to UEs and provide cell splitting gains. As a number ofsmall cells increases and deployments of small cells become dense, ahandover frequency and a handover failure rate can also significantlyincrease. Simultaneous UE connectivity to a macro cell and one or moresmall cells, where a UE maintains its RRC connection to a macro cellthat provides a large coverage area while having a simultaneousconnection to a small cell for data offloading, can avoid frequenthandovers while allowing for high data rates. By maintaining the RRCconnection to the macro-cell, communication with the small cell can beoptimized as control-plane (C-plane) functionalities such as mobilitymanagement, paging, and system information updates can be provided onlyby the macro-cell while a small-cell can be dedicated for user plane(U-plane) communications.

One important aspect of a UE communication with multiple cells is alatency of a backhaul link between, for example, an eNB of a small-celland an eNB of a macro-cell. If the latency of the backhaul link can bepractically zero, scheduling decisions can be made by a central entityand conveyed to each network node. Also, feedback from a UE can bereceived at any network node and conveyed to the central entity tofacilitate a proper scheduling decision for the UE. This type ofoperation is referred to as carrier aggregation (see also REF 3).

If the latency of the backhaul link is not zero, it is not feasible inpractice to use a central scheduling entity as the latency of thebackhaul link will accumulate each time there is communication between anetwork node and the central scheduling entity thereby introducingunacceptable delay for a UE communication. Then, it is necessary thatscheduling decisions are individually performed at each of the networknodes that are connected by a backhaul link with non-zero latency. Also,feedback signaling from a UE associated with scheduling from a networknode needs to be received by the same network node. This type ofoperation is referred to as dual connectivity.

Several realizations exist to achieve operation with dual connectivity.A determining factor can be availability at the UE of multipletransmitter antennas to enable simultaneous transmission on twodifferent carrier frequencies. For brevity, the specifics of eachpossible realization to support dual connectivity are not discussed.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example communication system using dualconnectivity according to this disclosure. The embodiment of dualconnectivity shown in FIG. 7 is for illustration only. Other embodimentscould be used without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

A first UE such as UE 114, UE1 710, communicates in single connectivitywith an eNB of a macro-cell such as eNB 102, that is referred to asMaster eNB (MeNB) 720, using a first carrier frequency f1 730. A secondUE such as UE 116, UE2 740, communicates in dual connectivity both withMeNB 710 over carrier frequency f1 730 and with an eNB of a small cellsuch as eNB 103, that is referred to as Secondary eNB (SeNB) 750, overcarrier frequency f2 760.

A UE, such as UE 116, with two transmitter antennas can support dualconnectivity using one antenna to transmit to a MeNB, such as eNB 102,and the other antenna to transmit to a SeNB, such as eNB 103. Oneimportant aspect for this operation is for UE 116 to determine first andsecond transmitter antennas to transmit to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103,respectively. If both transmitter antennas are exactly equivalent, UE116 can arbitrarily select one. However, transmitter antennas arepractically never equivalent as one can experience a much largerpropagation loss than the other due to Antenna Gain Imbalance (AGI). Forexample, AGI can occur due to a user's body placement or due to anorientation relative to a location of MeNB 102 or a SeNB 103. An AGI inthe order of 3 decibel (dB) or 6 dB is typical. Therefore, significantreductions in coverage can occur if UE 116 selects for communicationwith MeNB 102 a transmitter antenna experiencing an additionalpropagation loss in the order of 6 dB. Moreover, by increasing atransmission power from a first transmitter antenna, a transmissionpower from a second transmitter antenna may need to decrease in order toavoid exceeding a specific upper bound in a total transmission power.This can also be disadvantageous as decreasing a transmission power froma second transmitter antenna can result in reduced achievable data ratesfor communication with SeNB 103.

When a UE communicates with a single eNB, or when the UE communicateswith multiple eNBs that are connected over ideal backhaul, it ispossible for a scheduling entity to dynamically indicate to the UE touse a specific antenna port. This is referred to as closed loop antennaselection. Operation with closed loop antenna selection can be limitedto PUSCH and is associated with operation in a same carrier frequency asmultiple antennas share a same Radio-Frequency (RF) component. An eNB,such as eNB 102, can indicate to a UE, such as UE 114, an antenna portto use for a PUSCH transmission by applying an additional mask toscramble a CRC of a DCI format scheduling the PUSCH. The eNB 102 canapply the additional mask through an additional operation as in step 530of FIG. 5. The eNB 102 can indicate to UE 114 a first antenna port totransmit a PUSCH by using a mask of all binary zeros (effectively, noadditional masking is applied to a CRC of a DCI format beyond the one bya C-RNTI as in FIG. 5). The eNB 102 can indicate to UE 114 a secondantenna port to transmit a PUSCH by using a mask with a last elementbeing a binary one and all remaining elements being binary zeros. Thisadditional masking operation requires eNB 102 to enable antenna portselection only to UEs having C-RNTIs with a zero value for the mostsignificant bit. When antenna selection is configured to UE 114, SRStransmissions alternate consecutively among antenna ports in SFsconfigured to UE 114 from eNB 102 for SRS transmission. Antennaselection does not require UE 114 to have multiple transmitter antennas(multiple radio-frequency components such as filters or amplifier).Instead, antenna selection can apply among different antenna portssharing a single RF chain.

Extending a conventional operation for closed loop antenna selection todifferent transmitter antennas is not possible in case of dualconnectivity as a non-zero latency of a backhaul link between a MeNB anda SeNB necessitates respective independent and uncoordinated schedulingentities. Moreover, a MeNB and a SeNB typically operate in differentcarrier frequencies.

A power of an UL transmission by a UE, such UE 114, is controlled by aneNB, such as eNB 102, to achieve a desired target for a received Signalto Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) while reducing interference toneighboring cells and controlling Interference over Thermal (IoT) noisethereby ensuring respective reception reliability targets. UL PowerControl (PC) can include an Open-Loop (OL) component with cell-specificand UE-specific parameters and a Closed-Loop (CL) component associatedwith Transmission Power Control (TPC) commands eNB 102 provides to UE114 through transmission of DCI formats.

In SF i, a PUSCH transmission power P_(PUSCH,c)(i), a PUCCH transmissionpower P_(PUCCH)(i), a SRS transmission power P_(SRS)(i), and a PRACHtransmission power P_(PRACH)(i) are determined according to respectiveUL power control processes (see also REF 3). A transmission powerdetermined according to an UL power control process will be referred toas nominal transmission power.

For operation with carrier aggregation, if a total nominal transmissionpower from a UE, such as UE 114, in SF i is larger than a maximumtransmission power P_(CMAX)(i) for UE 114 in SF i, UE 114 firstallocates power to a PRACH transmission, if any. If UE 114 does not havea PRACH transmission, UE 114 first allocates power to a PUCCHtransmission, if any. Subsequently, denoting by {circumflex over (P)}the linear value of a transmission power P in dB per milliwatt (dBm), if{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i)>0 andfor PUSCH in a cell j that conveys UCI, if any, UE 114 allocates a powerP_(PUSCH,j)(i) according to {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i), ({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i))). If {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i)>0, UE 114 scales a nominal transmission power of eachremaining PUSCH transmission by a same factor w(i) so that

${\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} \leq {\left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right).}$

UE 114 can also set w(i)=0 for one or more of remaining PUSCHtransmissions (see also REF 3).

Similar to ensuring that a total UE transmission power in SF i is notlarger than P_(CMAX)(i) in case of operation with carrier aggregation,it also needs to be ensured that a total UE transmission power in one ormore cells of a MeNB and in one or more cells of a SeNB in SF i is notlarger than P_(CMAX)(i) in case of operation with dual connectivity. IfUE 116 is power limited (total nominal transmission power exceedsP_(CMAX)(i)), UE 116 can prioritize power allocation to transmittedchannels or signals in a similar manner as UE 114 operating with carrieraggregation. For example, power allocation to PRACH transmissions in oneor more cells is prioritized over other transmissions. For example,HARQ-ACK/SR transmission to MeNB 102 is prioritized over transmissionsother than PRACH (see also REF 7). Therefore, an allocation of power canbe according to a function performed by each transmission with PRACHhaving the highest priority, followed by HARQ-ACK/SR, followed by CSI,followed by data, while power to SRS is allocated last (see also REF 3and REF 7).

A UE can indicate to an eNB an amount of power it has in addition to thepower used for a current transmission through a PHR—see also REF 3. Apositive PHR value indicates that the UE can increase its transmissionpower. The PHR is included in a MAC CE that is transmitted from the UEas part of its data in a PUSCH (see also REF 4). For example, if the UEdoes not transmit PUSCH in SF i for serving cell c, a type 1 PHR iscomputed as in Equation 1

PH_(type1,c)(i)={tilde over (P)} _(CMAX,c)(i)−{P _(O) _(_)_(PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL_(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}[dB]  (1)

where (see also REF 3), {tilde over (P)}_(CMAX,c)(i) is computed basedon the requirements in REF 6, P_(O) _(_) _(PUSCH,c)(1) is a parameterprovided by higher layer signaling to the UE and controlling a meanreceived SINR at the eNB, α_(c)(1) is a cell-specific parameterconfigured by higher layer signaling to the UE with 0≤α_(c)(1)≤1, PL_(c)is a DL path-loss estimate calculated at the UE for serving cell c indeciBel (dB), and ƒ_(c)(i) is a function accumulating a CL TPC commandδ_(PUSCH)(i) included in a DCI format scheduling a PUSCH transmission tothe UE in SF i, or in a DCI Format 3, with ƒ(0) being a first valueafter reset of accumulation.

One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide mechanisms to enablea MeNB or a SeNB to measure a signal a UE transmits from a first antennaand a signal the UE transmits from a second antenna. One or moreembodiments of this disclosure also provide mechanisms to supportantenna selection for a UE operating with dual connectivity and toindicate to the UE a transmitter antenna for communication with a MeNBor with a SeNB. Finally, one or more embodiments of this disclosureprovide mechanisms to avoid a total transmission power from a UE to aMeNB and to a SeNB exceeding a maximum transmission while avoidingpenalizing coverage or achievable data rates.

In the following, for the first and the second embodiments, antennaselection is primarily considered between two UE transmitter antennasfor operation dual connectivity with a MeNB and a SeNB. However,embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to two UE transmitterantennas or to two eNBs and can be applicable for more than two UEtransmitter antennas or for more than two eNBs.

Embodiment 1: Indication of UE Transmitter Antennas for DualConnectivity

The first embodiment illustrates that a UE capable for operation withdual connectivity, such as UE 116, first establishes initial connectionwith a MeNB, such as eNB 102. Subsequently, MeNB 102 configures UE 116for operation with dual connectivity that includes a SeNB, such as eNB103.

While UE 116 communicates with MeNB 102, the MeNB 102 can determine apropagation loss associated with each transmitter antenna of UE 116. Forexample, MeNB 102 can configure a SRS transmission from each antennaport of UE 116 and obtain an estimate of the propagation loss for eachtransmitter antenna port. It is also possible that MeNB 102 instructs UE116 to perform such SRS transmissions to SeNB 103, after UE 116 isconfigured by MeNB 102 for operation with dual connectivity, and forSeNB 103 to inform MeNB 102 of respective measurements over a backhaullink. The MeNB 102 can then use this additional information in aselection of an antenna for transmissions from UE 116 to MeNB 102 or toSeNB 103. For example, based on the SRS receptions, a controller at MeNB102 can determine a subset of the set of transmitter antennas for UE 116for transmissions to MeNB 102 (or to SeNB 103).

Upon configuring initialization of dual connectivity to UE 116, MeNB 102can include a configuration element, antenna_selection_SeNB, informingUE 116 of an antenna port to use for transmissions to SeNB 103.Equivalently, MeNB 102 can include a configuration element,antenna_selection_MeNB, informing UE 116 of an antenna port to use fortransmissions to MeNB 102.

When UE 116 is equipped with two transmitter antennas,antenna_selection_SeNB can include one bit wherein a value of ‘0’ cancorrespond to a transmitter antenna port UE 116 associates with a firstSRS transmission and a value of ‘1’ can correspond to a transmitterantenna port UE 116 associates with a second SRS transmission. When UE116 is equipped with four transmitter antennas, antenna_selection_SeNBcan include two pairs of two bits (or four bits) and an association withthe transmitter antenna ports of UE 116 can be according to respectiveSRS transmissions (see also REF 3).

FIG. 8 illustrates an example selection of transmitter antenna ports fora UE with two transmitter antennas that is configured by a MeNB foroperation with dual connectivity according to this disclosure. While theflow chart depicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitlystated, no inference should be drawn from that sequence regardingspecific order of performance, performance of steps or portions thereofserially rather than concurrently or in an overlapping manner, orperformance of the steps depicted exclusively without the occurrence ofintervening or intermediate steps. The process depicted in the exampledepicted is implemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chainin, for example, a mobile station

MeNB 102 configures UE 116 having two transmitter antenna ports for dualconnectivity operation with SeNB 103 using a configuration that includesa 1-bit configuration element antenna_selection_SeNB (or a 1-bitconfiguration element antenna_selection_MeNB) 810. UE 116 examineswhether a binary value of antenna_selection_SeNB is equal to zero 820.If the binary value of antenna_selection_SeNB is equal to zero (or ifthe binary value of antenna_selection_MeNB is equal to one), UE 116selects for communication with SeNB 103 a first transmitter antenna port830 (and selects for communication with MeNB 102 a second transmitterantenna port). For example, the first transmitter antenna port cancorrespond to SRS transmission from the first antenna port when UE 116operates in single connectivity with MeNB 102. If the binary value ofantenna_selection_SeNB is equal to one (or if the binary value ofantenna_selection_MeNB is equal to zero), UE 116 selects forcommunication with SeNB 103 a second transmitter antenna port 840 (andselects for communication with MeNB 102 a first transmitter antennaport). For example, the second transmitter antenna port can correspondto SRS transmission from the second antenna port when UE 116 operates insingle connectivity with MeNB 102. A configuration ofantenna_selection_SeNB (or of antenna_selection_MeNB) by MeNB 102 to UE116 is by higher layer signaling in a PDSCH and a conventional eNBtransmitter structure and UE receiver structure can apply—a respectivedescription is not repeated for brevity.

Embodiment 2: Indication of Transmitter Antenna after Configuration ofDual Connectivity

The second embodiment illustrates an adaptation of a transmitter antennaport for a UE operating with dual connectivity, such as UE 116. Due tomobility or rearrangement of UE 116 position (orientation) relative toMeNB 102 or SeNB 103, a choice of UE 116 transmitter antenna port forcommunication with MeNB 102 or SeNB 103 can vary with time.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example UE transmitter antenna switching between aMeNB and a SeNB according to this disclosure. The embodiment of UEtransmitter antenna switching between a MeNB and a SeNB shown in FIG. 9is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some UL SFs, UE 116 uses a first antenna port 910 to transmit to MeNB102 920 and a second antenna port 930 to transmit to SeNB 103 940. Insome other UL SFs, based for example on signaling from MeNB 102, UE 116uses the second antenna port 930 to transmit to MeNB 102 920 and thefirst antenna 910 port to transmit to SeNB 103 940.

To enable adaptation of a transmitter antenna port for UE 116 operatingwith dual connectivity, UE 116 can be allocated UL measurement gaps.During measurement gap UL SFs, UE 116 transmits signals, such as SRS,that can be received by MeNB 102 (or SeNB 103) wherein SRS transmissionsare at least from antenna ports UE 116 uses to transmit signals to SeNB103 (or MeNB 102, respectively) in other UL SFs. Contrary to aconventional use of measurement gaps where measurements are performed bya UE based on signals, such as a CRS, from respective transmissionpoints, measurement gaps to enable UE 116 antenna port selection forcommunication with MeNB 102 or SeNB 103 are performed by MeNB 102 orSeNB 103 based on signals transmitted by antennas ports from UE 116.Measurement gaps can be a number of consecutive UL SFs (or, in general,either DL SFs or UL SFs), such as for example 1 UL SF or 2 UL SFs, andhave a periodicity in a number of frames, such as for example 8 frames,where a frame includes 10 SFs. A SF offset can also be configured to UE116 for measurement gap UL SFs. Multiplexing SRS transmissions frommultiple transmitter antenna ports of UE 116 can be in a same symbol ofa same SF using means for an assignment of respective SRS transmissionparameters (see also REF 3). Measurement gap UL SFs can be configured tocoincide for MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 in order to reduce an impact on DLtransmissions to UE 116.

FIG. 10 illustrates a UE operation with single connectivity duringmeasurement gap UL SFs and with dual connectivity in other UL SFsaccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of UE operation shown inFIG. 10 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be usedwithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

UE 116 is configured with two measurement gap UL SFs 1010. The twomeasurement gap UL SFs can be, for example, for a carrier frequencycorresponding to MeNB 102. The measurement gap UL SFs can also be withan offset value 1020 relative to a frame with System Frame Number (SFN)of 0. For example, the offset value can range between 0 and the value ofthe repetition period 1030 minus the number of measurement gap UL SFs.During measurement gap UL SFs, UE 116 transmits SRS from one or moreantenna ports including at least the one or more antenna ports UE 116uses to transmit to SeNB 103 in other UL SFs. A similar configurationcan apply for SeNB 103 but a duplication of a description is omitted forbrevity.

A configuration for measurement gap UL SFs can be communicated by MeNB102 to both UE 116 and SeNB 103 so that SeNB 103 knows to avoidscheduling UE 116 in UL SFs that would require UL transmissions from UE116 during measurement gap UL SFs. The configuration can include both ULSFs where UE 116 can transmit only to MeNB 102 and UL SFs where UE 116can transmit only to SeNB 103 in case UE 116 is in an RRC_CONNECTEDstate. It can also be possible to support such measurement gaps for UEsin a RRC_IDLE state.

A separate configuration of parameters for SRS transmissions inmeasurement gaps UL SFs, compared to the configuration of parameters forSRS transmissions in other UL SFs, can be informed to UE 116. Forexample, a periodicity of SRS transmissions during measurement gaps ULSFs, if more than one, can be one UL SF while a periodicity of SRStransmissions in other SFs can be more than one UL SF. Alternatively, ifa measurement gap UL SF coincides with an UL SF where a UE has aconfigured SRS transmission, a same configuration of parameters can beused for SRS transmission in the measurement gap UL SF but UE 116transmits from a different antenna port. For example, if in ameasurement gap UL SF UE 116 has configured SRS transmissions from afirst antenna port to MeNB 102 and, with dual connectivity, UE 116transmits to SeNB 103 using a second antenna port, the SRS transmissionfrom the second antenna port can use the configured resources for thefirst antenna port.

Measurement gaps can also be dynamically triggered to UE 116 by MeNB102, for example in response to a PHR from UE 116 indicating powerlimited operation. Then, instead of configuring measurement gaps UL SFsto occur periodically, UE 116 can be informed by MeNB 102, for exampleby higher layer signaling, a configuration of measurement gap UL SFs.Transmission parameters during measurement gap UL SFs, such as astarting SF after the triggering or a duration of measurement gap ULSFs, can be either predetermined in a system operation, or configured inadvance to UE 116, or can be included in the higher layer signaling.Alternatively, instead of measurement gap UL SFs, MeNB 102 can direct UE116 to switch transmitter antennas using either higher layer signalingor dynamic signaling as for antenna selection. Such capability may onlybe allowed to MeNB 102 (that is, SeNB 103 may not direct UE 116 toswitch transmitter antennas).

FIG. 11 illustrates a use of measurement gap UL SFs according to thisdisclosure. While the flow chart depicts a series of sequential steps,unless explicitly stated, no inference should be drawn from thatsequence regarding specific order of performance, performance of stepsor portions thereof serially rather than concurrently or in anoverlapping manner, or performance of the steps depicted exclusivelywithout the occurrence of intervening or intermediate steps. The processdepicted in the example depicted is implemented by processing circuitryin a transmitter chain in, for example, a base station.

MeNB 102 configures UE 116 operating with dual connectivity thatincludes SeNB 103, with a number of one or more measurement gap UL SFsfor MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 1110. An offset can also be configured. Duringmeasurement gap UL SFs for MeNB 102, UE 116 transmits SRS at least fromantennas ports UE 116 uses to transmit signaling to SeNB 103 in other ULSFs 1120. During measurement gap UL SFs for SeNB 103, UE 116 transmitsSRS at least from antenna ports UE 116 uses to transmit signaling toMeNB 102 in other UL SFs 1125. Based on measurements from SRStransmissions in step 1120 and in step 1125, MeNB 102 configures UE 116a first antenna port for transmissions to MeNB 102 and a second antennaport for transmissions to SeNB 103 1130. This configuration can also bebased on feedback, from SeNB 103 to MeNB 102 over a backhaul link, ofthe SRS measurements in step 1125.

Embodiment 3: Allocation of Transmission Power Per Transmitter Antenna

The third embodiment illustrates setting a maximum guaranteed power forUE transmissions to a MeNB, such as eNB 102, and setting a maximumguaranteed power for UE transmissions to a SeNB, such as eNB 103.Alternatively, the third embodiment considers setting a minimumguaranteed power for UE transmissions to a MeNB, such as eNB 102, andsetting a minimum guaranteed power for UE transmissions to a SeNB, suchas eNB 103. A requirement for a total maximum transmission power in SFi, P_(CMAX)(i), to both MeNB and SeNB is considered to be eitherpredefined or configured to UE 116 as for operation with single eNBconnectivity (see also REF 3 and REF 6).

Due to independent schedulers at MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 and a non-zerolatency of a backhaul link between MeNB 102 and SeNB 103, it is possiblefor UE 116 to have first transmissions to MeNB 102 and secondtransmissions to SeNB 103 in SF i. As the two transmissions are mutuallyindependent, their respective nominal powers are independentlydetermined and the total value can exceed a maximum UE transmissionpower P_(CMAX)(i).

If UE 116 transmits only to MeNB 102 or only to SeNB 102 in in SF i, amaximum transmission power can be P_(CMAX)(i). For example, if MeNB 102uses Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) and SeNB 103 uses Time DivisionDuplexing (TDD), UE 116 can assume a maximum available power ofP_(CMAX)(i) for transmissions to MeNB 102, at least in SFs that fullyoverlap with DL SFs at SeNB 103 (for synchronous operation between MeNB102 and SeNB 103 as defined in REF 3). Asynchronous operation occurswhen SF overlapping exceeds a fraction of a SF symbol. For example, forasynchronous operation, UE 116 can assume a maximum available power ofP_(CMAX)(i) for transmissions to MeNB 102 in a SF when SeNB 103 uses TDDand the SF overlaps with two DL SFs in SeNB 103. Therefore, based oninformation from SeNB 103 to MeNB 102 of a UL/DL configuration used bySeNB 103 (possibly of multiple UL/DL configurations if UE 116communicates in multiple respective cells of SeNB 103) over a backhaullink, MeNB 102 can use this information in scheduling UE 116. Forexample, a higher UL spectral efficiency associated with a larger dataTB requiring a higher transmission power by UE 116 can be targeted inSFs that are DL SFs at SeNB 103. Similar, as MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 canconfigure different Discontinuous Reception (DRX) patterns for UE 116,where UE 116 does not transmit or receive signaling while on DRX mode,MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 can exchange DRX patterns over a backhaul link.

A conventional approach to satisfy a condition for a total transmissionpower in SF i to not exceed P_(CMAX)(i) is to equally split P_(CMAX)(i)among UE 116 transmissions to MeNB 102 and SeNB 103. However, such apartitioning of a maximum transmission power is suboptimal as it doesnot consider requirements for UE 116 transmission power to MeNB 102 orto SeNB 103. For example, always restricting to P_(CMAX)(i)/2 a maximumpower for UE 116 transmissions to MeNB 102 results to a reduction incell coverage by a factor of 2. Then, even though UE 116 can be locatedfar from MeNB 102 (near an edge of a macro-cell) and near SeNB 103 andcan benefit from dual connectivity, UE 116 may not be able to maintain aconnection to MeNB 102 after it is configured to operate with dualconnectivity due to coverage reduction. Conversely, as SeNB 103typically serves a small-cell, restricting to P_(CMAX)(i)/2 a maximumpower for an antenna port UE 116 uses to transmit to SeNB 103 is oflittle consequence as a maximum transmission power required in practiceis typically much smaller than P_(CMAX)(i)/2. However, if UL throughputto SeNB 103 is to be maximized for UE 116 and UE 116 is not nearcoverage limiting conditions for MeNB 102, a larger power can beallocated for UL transmissions to SeNB 103 than when UE 116 is nearcoverage limiting conditions for MeNB 102. Therefore, configurability ofa transmission power of UE 116 to MeNB 102 or to SeNB 103, whileensuring that UE 116 maintains a communication link with both MeNB 102and SeNB 103, is beneficial.

In order to improve a use of available power for transmissions from UE116 to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103 in SF i, a maximum power for UEtransmissions to MeNB 102 and a maximum power for UE transmissions toSeNB 103, P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)respectively, can be configured to UE 116 by MeNB 102. In a lineardomain, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) may not necessarily equal {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) and can be smaller than or larger than {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i). Higher layer signaling for {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)_(_) _(MeNB)(i) or {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) can bein the form of a scaling factor (fraction), ƒ_(MeNB) or ƒ_(SeNB)respectively, of {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) ({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)=ƒ_(MeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)=ƒ_(SeNB)·{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)). This enables a simple definition for {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) while considering variations of {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) across SFs. A configuration of ƒ_(MeNB) or ƒ_(SeNB) (andtherefore a configuration of {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) or {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)) by MeNB 102to UE 116 is by higher layer signaling in a PDSCH and a conventional eNBtransmitter structure and UE receiver structure can apply—a respectivedescription is not repeated for brevity. Moreover, a controller at MeNB102 can determine values for ƒ_(MeNB) or ƒ_(SeNB) based, for example, onUE 116 coverage considerations or target data rates as it was describedin the previous paragraph.

Prior to a configuration of P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), SeNB 103 can communicate over a backhaul link to MeNB 102 arequired transmission power from UE 116 to SeNB 103. For UE 116, thisrequired transmission power can be determined, for example, by acoverage area or interference characteristics associated with SeNB 103for UE 116. P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) (or, alternatively, a requiredtransmission power from UE 116 to SeNB 103, P_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), asit is subsequently described) can be set so that this power requirementfrom UE 116 to SeNB 103 is satisfied. MeNB 102 can also communicate toSeNB 103 an allocation of P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) for UE 116 (or, alternatively, an allocation of requiredtransmission power from UE 116 to MeNB 102, P_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i),and of P_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) as it is subsequently described). Forexample, MeNB 102 can allocate to UE 116 having P_(CMAX)(i)=23 dB permilliwatt (dBm) P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)=22.5 dBm and P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)=13 dBm (in this case, P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)=P_(CMAX)(i)). This information can enable SeNB 103 to improveits scheduling decisions for UE 116 by knowing a value of P_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) (or a value of P_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)) for MeNB 102.

Method 1: Setting a Maximum UE Transmission Power for a MeNB and aMaximum UE Transmission Power for a SeNB

If, in SF i, UE 116 has a first UL transmission with power P_(MeNB)(i)to MeNB 102 and a second UL transmission with power P_(SeNB)(i) to SeNB103 and {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), a power reduction of atotal transmission power, {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i), to less than or equal to {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) can depend on the values of P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) andP_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), or on the values of P_(MeNB)(i) andP_(SeNB)(i), instead of being same for both MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 for asame information type transmission to MeNB 102 and SeNB 103. This isbecause, for example, applying a same amount of power reduction fortransmissions to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103 can have a more degradingeffect to transmissions to SeNB 103 as P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) orP_(SeNB)(i) can be much smaller than P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) orP_(MeNB)(i), respectively. This power reduction can apply when UE 116transmits a same information type, such as data information or HARQ-ACKinformation, to both MeNB 102 and SeNB 103, while when differentinformation types are transmitter, power allocation can be according toa relative priority of each information type (see also REF 3 and REF 7).

In a first alternative, a total transmission power from a UE in SF i toMeNB 102, P_(MeNB)(i), is limited to not exceed P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)and a total transmission power from UE 116 to a SeNB, P_(SeNB)(i), islimited to not exceed P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i). In the firstalternative, P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) actas upper bounds for a transmission power from UE 116 to MeNB 102 and toSeNB 103, respectively, when UE 116 is power limited ({circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)). UE 116 determines, according to respective UL powercontrol processes, a transmission power P_(MeNB)(i) to MeNB 102 and atransmission power P_(SeNB)(i) to SeNB 103. If P_(MeNB)(i)>P_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) or if P_(SeNB)(i)>P_(max) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), UE 116 first setsP_(MeNB)(i)=P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or P_(SeNB)(i)=P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), respectively, according to whether power allocation isprioritized according to information UE 116 transmits to MeNB 102 oraccording to information UE 116 transmits to SeNB 103. The firstalternative can also apply when P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+P_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)=P_(CMAX)(i) for asynchronous transmissions to MeNB and SeNB.

Denoting by {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i), and {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i) the linear values of P_(CMAX), P_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB),P_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB), P_(MeNB) and P_(SeNB), respectively, if areduction of {circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i)={circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) in a total transmission power is required to avoid atotal transmission power larger than {circumflex over (P)}_(CM)AX (i),then in a first approach of the first alternative, UE 116 can reduce atransmission power to MeNB 102 by {circumflex over(P)}_(reduce)(i)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)/({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)) (or by {circumflex over(P)}_(reduce)(i)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)/{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) if {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)), and reduce a transmissionpower to SeNB by {circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i) {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)/({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)) (or by{circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)/{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) if {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)). Therefore, a function of{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) in accordance to the first approach is tocontrol a power scaling for channels conveying a same information typethat UE 116 transmits to MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 in case a totaltransmission power exceeds {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) by acting aspower scaling factors ({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) are power scaling factorsfor determining a reduction in transmission power to MeNB 102 and SeNB103, respectively, when {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) and each can a same valueindependently of SF i).

In a second approach of the first alternative, a reduction intransmission power from UE 116 to MeNB 102 can be computed as{circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i)·{circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)/({circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)) and a reduction in transmission power to SeNB 103 can becomputed as {circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i)·{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)/({circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)).

In a third approach of the first alternative, a reduction intransmission power to MeNB 102 can be computed as {circumflex over(P)}_(reduce)(i)·ƒ_(MeNB) and a reduction in transmission power to SeNB103 can be computed as {circumflex over (P)}_(reduce)(i)·ƒ_(SeNB) whereƒ_(MeNB) and ƒ_(SeNB) are configured to UE 116 by MeNB 102 throughhigher layer signaling and, typically, ƒ_(MeNB)+ƒ_(SeNB)=1. As{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)/({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i))=ƒ_(MeNB)/(ƒ_(MeNB)+ƒ_(SeNB)) and {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)/({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i))=ƒ_(SeNB)/(ƒ_(MeNB)+ƒ_(SeNB)), the third approach is analternative realization of the first approach and the first and thirdapproaches are functionally equivalent.

FIG. 12 illustrates a determination of a transmission power to a MeNBand of a transmission power to a SeNB in accordance to a firstalternative according to this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts aseries of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inferenceshould be drawn from that sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently or in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of intervening orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain in, forexample, a mobile station.

In SF i, UE 116 determines a power {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals (PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS) to MeNB102 and a power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) for transmissions ofchannels or signals (PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH SRS) to SeNB 103 according torespective UL power control processes 1210 and that {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i). UE 116 then determines whether {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB) _(_) _(max)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB) _(_)_(max)(i) 1220 and, if so, UE 116 sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), respectively 1230, according to a relative priority ofinformation types UE 116 transmits to MeNB 102 or SeNB 103. {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)i) can be configured to UE 116 by MeNB 102 by configuringrespective fractions of {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), ƒ_(MeNB) andƒ_(SeNB), as it was previously described. Subsequently, if {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) is enabled, UE 116 determineswhether {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1240. If {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE scales {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) by a factorw_(MeNB) and scales {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) by a factor w_(SeNB)(when a same type of information is transmitted to both MeNB 102 andSeNB 103), so that {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1250. The scaling factorsw_(MeNB) and w_(MeNB) can be either configured to UE 116 by MeNB 102 orbe determined by UE 116 using other parameters, such as {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) or {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) and P_(SeNB)(i), as it waspreviously described for the three approaches of the first alternative.Finally, UE 116 transmits channels or signals to MeNB 102 with{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) transmission power and transmitschannels or signals to SeNB 103 with {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)transmission power 1260.

In a second alternative, a power for transmissions of channels orsignals to MeNB 102 or to SeNB 103 is determined separately andindependently for MeNB 102 and for SeNB 103. In SF i, UE 116 computes apower {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) for transmissions of channels orsignals to MeNB 102 and a power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals to SeNB 103 using respective ULpower control processes. If {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) and if {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), UE 116 either sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or sets{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), respectively, depending on whether UE 116 prioritizes powerallocation to MeNB 102 or SeNB 103. Assuming, for example, that UE 116prioritizes power allocation to MeNB 102 then, for {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i) as the smaller of (a) a nominal {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i) and (b) the difference between {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) and the smaller of {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) and{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i). Therefore, {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)),{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)),{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)). Then, {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)),{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)).

FIG. 13 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UE antenna to aSeNB in accordance to the second alternative according to thisdisclosure. While the flow chart depicts a series of sequential steps,unless explicitly stated, no inference should be drawn from thatsequence regarding specific order of performance, performance of stepsor portions thereof serially rather than concurrently or in anoverlapping manner, or performance of the steps depicted exclusivelywithout the occurrence of intervening or intermediate steps. The processdepicted in the example depicted is implemented by processing circuitryin a transmitter chain in, for example, a mobile station.

MeNB 102 configures to UE 116 a power {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) for transmissions to MeNB 102 and a power {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) for transmissions to SeNB 103 1310. Usingrespective power control processes for transmissions of channels orsignals to MeNB 102 and for transmissions of channels or signals to SeNB103, UE 116 determines in SF i a (nominal) transmission power{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) and a (nominal) transmission power{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) 1320. Assuming UE 116 prioritizes powerallocation for transmissions to MeNB 102, UE 116 examines whether{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1330. If {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)),{circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)) 1340 and {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)),{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)) 1345. Finally, UE 116 transmits to MeNB 102 usingpower {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) 1350 and transmits to SeNB 103using power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) 1355.

In a third alternative, in SF i, UE 116 uses {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) as a maximum transmission power to MeNB 102or uses {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) as a maximumtransmission power to a SeNB 103 only if a total transmission power fromUE 116 exceeds {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i); otherwise, UE 116 doesnot limit its transmission power to MeNB 102 to {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and does not limit its transmission power toSeNB 103 to {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i). If {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) and after limiting atransmission power to MeNB 102 to {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) and to SeNB 103 to {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), a total transmission power from UE 116 still exceeds{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), power reduction can apply so that for afinal total transmission power from UE 116 to MeNB 102 ({circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)) and to SeNB 103 ({circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)) is{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)

A benefit of the third alternative is that, for {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), it limits a transmissionpower from UE 116 to either MeNB 102 to be {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)_(_) _(MeNB)(i) or to SeNB 103 to be {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) (according to a respective prioritization of powerallocation) only if {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) and only if {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), respectively. Then, unlike the first alternative where theyserve as scaling factors for reducing a transmission power to not exceed{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), in the third alternative {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) serve to distribute an available maximum power {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX)(i) in SF i to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103 when nominaltransmission powers by UE 116 (according to respective UL power controlprocesses) are such that {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i). This simplifiespower allocation to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103 in case UE 116 isconfigured for UL transmissions in multiple cells served by MeNB 102 orin multiple cells served by SeNB 103.

FIG. 14 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in accordance to the third alternativeaccording to this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts a series ofsequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inference should be drawnfrom that sequence regarding specific order of performance, performanceof steps or portions thereof serially rather than concurrently or in anoverlapping manner, or performance of the steps depicted exclusivelywithout the occurrence of intervening or intermediate steps. The processdepicted in the example depicted is implemented by processing circuitryin a transmitter chain in, for example, a mobile station.

In SF i, UE 116 determines a power {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals (such as PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS)to MeNB 102 and a power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals (such as PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS)to SeNB 103 according to respective UL power control processes 1410. UE116 then determines whether {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1420. If {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 determines whether {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) and, if so, UE 116 sets either {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) 1430 (according to whether UE 116 prioritizes powerallocation to SeNB 103 or MeNB 102, respectively). Subsequently, UE 116determines if {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1450 and, if so, UE 116sets {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)=w_(MeNB)·{circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)=w_(SeNB)·{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i), at least when a same type of information istransmitted to both MeNB 102 and SeNB 103, so that {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1450. Finally, after step 1450, or if at step 1420 orstep 1450 it is {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 transmitschannels or signals to MeNB 102 with {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)transmission power and transmits channels or signals to SeNB 103 with{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) transmission power 1460.

In a variation of the third alternative, in SF i, UE 116 can firstexamine whether reducing a transmission power to a first eNB, such asSeNB 103, to a first configured power avoids a total transmission powerexceeding {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) before reducing a transmissionpower to a second eNB, such as MeNB 102, to a second configured power.For example, UE 116 can first examine whether reducing a transmissionpower to a SeNB to {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) avoids atotal transmission power larger than {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)before reducing a transmission power to MeNB 102 to {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) (whenapplicable). The eNB that UE 116 first considers reducing a transmissionpower to can be either predetermined according to a prioritization ofrespective information types (see also REF 3 and REF 7) with MeNB 102being prioritized for a same information type, or be configured inconjunction with a configuration for operation with dual connectivitysuch as for example prioritizing an earlier transmission in case ofasynchronous operation. Therefore, if {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i), and {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), UE 116 sets{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) for SeNB 103 and allocates a remaining power to MeNB 102({circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)={circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)).

FIG. 15 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in accordance to a variation of the thirdalternative according to this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts aseries of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inferenceshould be drawn from that sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently or in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of intervening orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain in, forexample, a mobile station.

In SF i, UE 116 determines a power {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals (such as PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS)to MeNB 102 and a power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) fortransmissions of channels or signals (such as PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS)to SeNB 103 according to respective UL power control processes 1510. UE116 then determines whether {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1520. If {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 determines whether {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) and, if so,UE 116 sets {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)_(_) _(SeNB)(i) 1530. Subsequently, UE 116 determines whether{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1535 and, if so, UE 116sets {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i), {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)) 1540. Subsequently, if {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 determines if {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1545 and, if so, UE 116 sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)=w_(MeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) and {circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)=w_(SeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i), at leastwhen a same type of information is transmitted to both MeNB 102 and SeNB103, so that {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1550. Finally, after step1550, or if at step 1520 or step 1535, or step 1545 if {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), UE 116 transmits a channel to MeNB 102 with {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i) transmission power and transmits a channel to SeNB103 with {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) transmission power 1560.

If in SF i, UE 116 transmits data to MeNB 102 and to SeNB 103 inmultiple cells served by MeNB 102 and in multiple cells served by SeNB103, respectively, and if {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) with {circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), a power allocation to each of the multiple cells can beindividually performed for MeNB 102 (for MeNB cells) and for SeNB 103(for SeNB cells), subject to a total respective transmission power fromUE 116 not exceeding {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), respectively, when{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i). Otherwise,if UE 116 is not configured by MeNB 102 values of {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), UE 116 can jointly perform a power allocation for datatransmission to each of the multiple cells for MeNB 102 and SeNB 103 byscaling each transmission power by a same value so that a totalresulting transmission power does not exceed {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) (for example, as in the second approach of the firstalternative).

Method 2: Setting a Minimum UE Transmission Power for a MeNB and aMinimum UE Transmission Power for a SeNB

For SF i, UE 116 can be configured by MeNB 102 a minimum transmissionpower to MeNB 102, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i), and aminimum transmission power to SeNB 103, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN)_(_) _(SeNB)(i). As for configuring {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_)_(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), MeNB 102can configure UE 116 respective fractions (percentages) ƒ_(MeNB) orƒ_(SeNB) and UE 116 can derive a minimum guaranteed transmission powerto MeNB 102 as {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(MeNB)(i)=ƒ_(MeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) and a minimumguaranteed transmission power to SeNB 103 as {circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i)=ƒ_(SeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i).Two alternatives are considered for a functionality of {circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(SeNB)(i).

In a first alternative, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i) serve as a lower boundbeyond which a transmission power to MeNB 102 and SeNB 103,respectively, cannot be decreased (regardless of power prioritizationaccording to information types). If power reduction is such that eitherw_(MeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)<{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN)_(_) _(MeNB)(i) or w_(SeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)<{circumflexover (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), a transmission power is respectivelyset to either {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), respectively, and atransmission power to the other eNB is set such that either {circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)≤{circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), respectively. Therefore, for prioritizationof power allocation from UE 116 to MeNB 102 when {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(SeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i),{circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)) and {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(MeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i),{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)).

FIG. 16 illustrates a determination for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a MeNB and for a transmission power from a UEantenna transmitting to a SeNB in SF i using a guaranteed power,{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i), for transmission to theMeNB and a guaranteed power, {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), for transmission to the SeNB according to this disclosure.While the flow chart depicts a series of sequential steps, unlessexplicitly stated, no inference should be drawn from that sequenceregarding specific order of performance, performance of steps orportions thereof serially rather than concurrently or in an overlappingmanner, or performance of the steps depicted exclusively without theoccurrence of intervening or intermediate steps. The process depicted inthe example depicted is implemented by processing circuitry in atransmitter chain in, for example, a mobile station.

MeNB 102 configures to UE 103 a minimum power {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i) available for transmissions to MeNB 102 and with aminimum power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) available fortransmissions to SeNB 103 in SF i 1610. Using respective power controlprocesses for transmissions of channels or signals to MeNB 102 and fortransmissions of channels or signals to SeNB 103, UE 116 determines atransmission power {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) and a transmissionpower {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) 1620. If UE 116 prioritizes powerallocation to MeNB 102, UE 116 examines whether {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)+{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i)>{circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) 1630 and, if so, UE 116 sets {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(SeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i),{circumflexover (P)}_(MeNB)(i)) 1640 and {circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB)(i)=min({circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−min({circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) _(_) _(MeNB)(i),{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i),{circumflexover (P)}_(SeNB)(i)) 1645. Finally, UE 116 transmits to MeNB 102 usingpower {circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) 1650 and transmits to SeNB 103using power {circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) 1655.

In a second alternative, if after UE 116 scales a nominal power to MeNB102 or a nominal power to SeNB 103 in order to reduce a totaltransmission power, such as w_(MeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(MeNB)(i) orw_(SeNB)·{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB)(i) in FIG. 12 or FIG. 14, aresulting transmission power is smaller than {circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(SeNB)(i), respectively, a corresponding transmission is dropped andall available power is allocated as available power to the othertransmission. Although proper settings for values of {circumflex over(P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_)_(SeNB)(i) should not result to a possibility that both a reducedtransmission power to MeNB 102 and a reduced transmission power to SeNB103 are lower than {circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(MeNB)(i) or{circumflex over (P)}_(CMIN) _(_) _(SeNB)(i), respectively, if thisevent occurs, a transmission to SeNB 103 can be dropped. Alternatively,based on a relative prioritization of information contents for eachtransmission, UE 116 can determine whether to drop a transmission toMeNB 102 or to SeNB 103.

PHR for Operation with Dual Connectivity

To facilitate avoidance of exceeding a maximum power {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i) in SF i by UE 116 for transmissions to MeNB 102 and toSeNB 103, for operation with dual connectivity UE 116 can report a newPHR type for a first eNB, such as MeNB 102 or SeNB 103, to a second eNB,such as SeNB 103 or MeNB 102, respectively. As the second eNB may notknow transmissions, such as PUSCH transmissions, if any, from UE 116 tothe first eNB in SF i then, unlike a conventional PHR type, the new PHRtype for the first eNB is defined assuming that UE 116 does not transmitPUSCH in SF i in any serving cell c of the first eNB regardless ofwhether or not UE 116 actually transmits PUSCH in SF i. Moreover, unlikea conventional PHR type that is per cell of an eNB, the new PHR type isa combined PHR for all serving cells of an eNB and can be defined as

${{PH}_{{new},{eNB}}(i)} = {\sum\limits_{c}{{PH}_{{{type}\; 1},c}(i)}}$

where c is an index ranging over all serving cells of an eNB andPH_(type1,c)(i) is defined in Equation 1.

Alternatively, in order to avoid communicating values of {tilde over(P)}_(CMAX,c)(i) among eNBs, the new PHR type can be defined based onEquation 1 as

${{PH}_{{new},{eNB}}(i)} = {{P_{{CMAX},{eNB}}(i)} - {\sum\limits_{c}{\left\{ {{P_{{O\_ {PUSCH}},c}(1)} + {{\alpha_{c}(1)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {f_{c}(i)}} \right\} \mspace{14mu} \left( {{{or}{{PH}_{{new},{eNB}}(i)}} = {{P_{{CMIN},{eNB}}(i)} - {\sum\limits_{c}{\left\{ {{P_{{O\_ {PUSCH}},c}(1)} + {{\alpha_{c}(1)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {f_{c}(i)}} \right\}.}}}} \right.}}}$

Otherwise, if

${{{PH}_{{new},{eNB}}(i)} = {{{\overset{\sim}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {\sum\limits_{c}\left\{ {{P_{{O\_ {PUSCH}},c}(1)} + {{\alpha_{c}(1)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {f_{c}(i)}} \right\}}}},$

UE 116 can also report {tilde over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) for the eNB inaddition to the PHR for the eNB. A new MAC control element can bedefined for UE 116 to provide the new PHR type. Unlike a conventionalPHR type, triggering for the new PHR type can be based not only on apath-loss change but also on a change of how often UE 116 has PUSCHtransmissions in a respective eNB. For example, if a number of PUSCHtransmissions in a frame from UE 116 to a first eNB increases by apredetermined factor, UE 116 can trigger a PHR transmission to a secondeNB.

UE 116 can also provide a Buffer Status Report (BSR) for datatransmissions to a first eNB or to a second eNB. The BSR can serve forthe second eNB to predict PUSCH scheduling for UE 116 at the first eNBand therefore, possibly in conjunction with a new PHR, predict a totaltransmission power range for UE 116 to the first eNB. A new MAC controlelement can be defined for UE 116 to provide the new BSR type for afirst eNB, such as SeNB 103, to a second eNB such as MeNB 102. The newBSR type can be a combined BSR for all serving cells of a respectivefirst eNB or can be a vector containing a BSR for each of the servingcells of a respective first eNB in order to provide more detailedinformation to a second eNB regarding potential power limitations a UEcan have per cell of the first eNB.

Although the present disclosure has been described with exampleembodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications that fall within the scope of theappended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving: a configurationof a first maximum power for transmissions on a first group of cells, aconfiguration of a second maximum power for transmissions on a secondgroup of cells, and a configuration of a communication direction fortime units in the first group of cells; determining a maximum power fortransmissions on the second group of cells over a second time period,wherein the maximum power is: the second maximum power when the secondtime period overlaps with a time unit having a communication directionenabling transmission to the first group of cells, and a third maximumpower, that is larger than the second maximum power, when the secondtime period does not overlap with any time unit having a communicationdirection enabling transmission to the first group of cells; andtransmitting on the second group of cells with a second power that isnot larger than the maximum power.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein thethird maximum power is a maximum output power P_(CMAX).
 3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining a power for transmissions onthe first group of cells independently from a power for transmissions onthe second group of cells.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:determining a power headroom report for the first group of cells or forthe second group of cells by assuming no transmission on the secondgroup of cells or on the first group of cells, respectively.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the first group of cells is associated with amaster base station and the second group of cells is associated with asecondary base station.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:determining a first power for transmissions on the first group of cellsover a first time period that overlaps with the second time period,wherein: the first power is not larger than the first maximum power, asum of linear values for the first maximum power and the second maximumpower is larger than a linear value of a maximum power for simultaneoustransmissions on the first group of cells and on the second group ofcells, and a sum of the linear values for the first power and the secondpower is larger than the linear value of the maximum power forsimultaneous transmissions on the first group of cells and on the secondgroup of cells, reducing the first power so that the sum of the linearvalues for the first power and the second power is not larger than thelinear value of the maximum power for simultaneous transmissions on thefirst group of cells and on the second group of cells; and transmittingon the first group of cells with the reduced first power.
 7. The methodof claim 6, further comprising: transmitting on the second group ofcells with the second power.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein thesecond time period overlaps with two first time periods.
 9. A UserEquipment (UE) comprising: a receiver configured to receive: aconfiguration of a first maximum power for transmissions on a firstgroup of cells, a configuration of a second maximum power fortransmissions on a second group of cells, and a configuration of acommunication direction for time units in the first group of cells; aprocessor configured to determine a maximum power for transmissions onthe second group of cells over a second time period, wherein the maximumpower is: the second maximum power when the second time period overlapswith a time unit having a communication direction enabling transmissionto the first group of cells, and a third maximum power, that is largerthan the second maximum power, when the second time period does notoverlap with any time unit having a communication direction enablingtransmission to the first group of cells; and a transmitter configuredto transmit on the second group of cells with a power that is not largerthan the maximum power.
 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the third maximumpower is a maximum output power P_(CMAX).
 11. The UE of claim 9, whereinthe processor is further configured to determine a power fortransmissions on the first group of cells independently from a power fortransmissions on the second group of cells.
 12. The UE of claim 9,wherein the processor is further configured to determine a powerheadroom report for the first group of cells or for the second group ofcells by assuming no transmission on the second group of cells or on thefirst group of cells, respectively.
 13. The UE of claim 9, wherein thefirst group of cells is associated with a master base station and thesecond group of cells is associated with a secondary base station. 14.The UE of claim 13, wherein: the processor is further configured to:determine a first power for transmissions on the first group of cellsover a first time period that overlaps with the second time period,wherein: the first power is not larger than the first maximum power, asum of linear values for the first maximum power and the second maximumpower is larger than a linear value of a maximum power for simultaneoustransmissions on the first group of cells and on the second group ofcells, and a sum of the linear values for the first power and the secondpower is larger than the linear value of the maximum power forsimultaneous transmissions on the first group of cells and on the secondgroup of cells; and reduce the first power so that the sum of the linearvalues for the first power and the second power is not larger than thelinear value of the maximum power for simultaneous transmissions on thefirst group of cells and on the second group of cells; and thetransmitter is further configured to transmit on the first group ofcells with the reduced first power.
 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein thetransmitter is configured to transmit on the second group of cells withthe second power.
 16. The UE of claim 14, wherein the second time periodoverlaps with two first time periods.
 17. A pair of base stationscomprising: a first base station including: a transmitter configured totransmit: a configuration of a first maximum power for transmissions ona first group of cells, a configuration of a second maximum power fortransmissions on a second group of cells, a configuration of acommunication direction for time units in the first group of cells, andsignals on the first group of cells; and a receiver configured toreceive signals on the first group of cells; and a second base stationincluding: a transmitter configured to transmit signals on the secondgroup of cells; and a receiver configured to receive, on the secondgroup of cells over a second time period, signals that are transmittedfrom a same transmitter with a power that is not larger than a maximumpower, wherein the maximum power is: the second maximum power when thesecond time period overlaps with a time unit having a communicationdirection enabling transmission to the first group of cells, and a thirdmaximum power, larger than the second maximum power, when the secondtime period does not overlap with any time unit having a communicationdirection enabling transmission to the first group of cells.
 18. Thepair of base stations of claim 17, wherein the receiver of the firstbase station or of the second base station is further configured toreceive a buffer status report that includes a buffer status report fortransmissions on the first group of cells and a buffer status report fortransmissions on the second group of cells.
 19. The pair of basestations of claim 17, wherein the receiver of the second base station isfurther configured to receive the configuration of the communicationdirection for time units in the first group of cells.
 20. The pair ofbase stations of claim 17, wherein the receiver of the second basestation is further configured to receive the configuration of the secondmaximum transmission power.